The Dilemma of Groundwater Management: A Collaborative Approach
In the ever-evolving landscape of water management,Groundwater remains a crucial resource for ensuring sustainable development. However, its decline has become a significant challenge, with different levels of governance playing distinct yet complementary roles.
The Debate Between Central and State Levels
Water is a state subject under the constitutional framework, granting states autonomy in managing groundwater resources. This autonomy allows states to regulate extraction within their domains, while the Central Government acts as an advisory body, offering technical and financial support through various schemes and projects. The dual role underscores the need for collaboration between both levels to address groundwater challenges effectively.
The Role of Central Groundwater Authority (CGWA)
The Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA), established under Section 3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, plays a pivotal role in regulating ground water extraction. It issues NOCs (No Certificate of Extraction) to states for regulation and ensures compliance through its guidelines. States can also implement their own regulatory mechanisms, fostering a dynamic environment where both levels work together.
The Model Bill’s Implementation
The Ministry of jal Shakti introduced the Groundwater (Regulation and Control of Development and Management) Bill, aimed at creating a regulatory framework that encourages participation from all states. This bill facilitates better regulation by allowing states to draft their own guidelines while Central Government supports them through initiatives like rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge.
Environmental Compensation and Penalties
The CGWA enforces environmental compensation for non-exempt extraction without a NOC, which can influence state decisions. Penalties are imposed for non-compliance with regulations, encouraging stricter enforcement and better adherence to guidelines by both levels.
Impact Through Water Structures
States are collaborating to construct more efficient water use practices through initiatives like rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge. This increase from 433 BCM in 2017 to 446.90 BCM between 2017-2024 highlights progress in improving water management.
Community Involvement and Collaboration
The collaborative approach, supported by public involvement and community engagement, aims to turn the tide of groundwater decline into a collective effort for sustainable development. This synergy is crucial in ensuring that both Central and State Levels contribute effectively towards protecting and utilizing groundwater resources.
In conclusion, while Groundwater Management presents significant challenges, the interplay between Central Government and State Governments offers a roadmap to addressing these issues through comprehensive strategies that prioritize sustainability and efficiency. Together, they can make a tangible difference in safeguarding water resources for future generations.