Cutting Water Flow: India’s New Strategy for Dismantling the Indus Waters Treaty

Introduction

The recent terrorist attack in Pakistan, known as Pahalgam, has deepened tensions between India and Pakistan. This attack, which killed 26 civilians, primarily affected the Baisaran Valley in Pahalgam. The consequences of this event have prompted a significant water management decision, involving the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River.

The Baglihar Dam, a pivotal structure since ancient times, has long been a point of contention between India and Pakistan. The decision to cut off water flow from this dam to Pakistan is part of India’s broader strategy to dismantle the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), which has governed river flows for decades.

Why Cut Off Water Flow?

The decision stems from historical water disputes, with the IWT being a decades-old agreement often involving arduous arbitration. The Baglihar Dam’s regulation is crucial as it directly impacts both nations. By halting water flow to Pakistan, India aims to weaken the IWT and potentially disrupt trade agreements that rely on river flows.

Baglihar Dam Details

The Baglihar Dam, located in Jammu’s Ramban district, offers significant hydroelectric benefits. It regulates water levels of the Chenab River, which is vital for trade and agriculture in both countries.

• Historical Context: The dam has been a central issue since ancient times, with Pakistan seeking World Bank arbitration in past events.
• Regulation: It’s part of India’s strategy to manage river flows, especially post-impact.

Kishanganga Dam Details

In the north Kashmir region, the Kishanganga Dam on the Jhelum River faces legal and diplomatic scrutiny. The dam’s impact on trade agreements is a critical concern for India, as it influences key sectors like steelmaking and pharmaceuticals.

• Legal Aspects: Legal challenges are ongoing, particularly regarding its potential effect on trade relations.
• Consequences: Disruption of river flows could delay production timelines, impacting industries in both nations.

Impact on Affected Areas

The decision to cut off water from the Baglihar and Kishanganga Dams is part of India’s broader strategy. It targets areas in Pahalgam and adjacent regions, including Baisaran Valley, where the terror attack occurred.

• Water Levels: The decision highlights a significant impact on water levels, affecting downstream areas.
• Trade Impacts: Disruption could delay key production schedules, impacting regional economies.

Legal and Diplomatic Considerations

The IWT’s role as a decades-old agreement is complex. India’s move to suspend it raises questions about fairness in river flows. The Kishanganga Dam’s potential impact on trade agreements underscores the need for clear agreements that balance resource management with economic needs.